ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕆᔭᖓᑦ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖅ ᐱᖓᖕᓇᖔᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᒍᑦ
ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᑭᖕᔅ ᓄᕗᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᐅᑉ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖓᓄᑦ, ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑕᓯᓐᓇᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓅᒻ, ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑳᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒧᑦ ᐅᐊᓕᓂᕐᒥᑦ.
ᓈᓴᐅᑎᓪᓗᐊᑕᑦ
ᕌᓄᑦ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ
ᐊᑕᖏᖅᑐᒍ, ᕌᓄᑦ Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen
ᕌᓄᑦ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ, ᓄᐊᐅᐃᔾᔭᓐ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓇᕈᓇᒃᑎ, ᐃᓅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐳᐊᔾ, ᓄᐊᕙᐃᒥ, ᐋᔅᓗ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂ, ᓄᐊᕙᐃᒥ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᑳᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ North West Passage-ᑯᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓪᓗᓂ South Pole-ᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᖃᖓᑕᓪᓗᓂ North Pole-ᒧᑦ.
ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ 15−ᓂᒃ, ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᓇᕈᓇᒃᑎᙳᕈᒪᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᓲ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕌᖕᒃᓕᓐᒧᑦ, ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑐᓴᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᕗᕌᖕᒃᓕᓐ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓇᓱᒃᖢᑎᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓯᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᒥᒃ. ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᓅᓕᓴᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᙱᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒧᑦ. 1897-ᒥ, 25-ᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓕᒃ ᕌᓄᑦ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ, ᐅᒥᐊᕆᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᐱᓚᒋᑲᒥ, ᐱᓚᒋᐊᓐ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᕕᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᙳᖅᑳᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᐊᑖᓂ (1897-1899). ᐊᕐᕌᒎᒃ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᐃᒪᙵᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᓪᔨᓐ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᑦ, ᐃᓱᓕᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᖅᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᖅ, ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐱᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᐱᑕᖓᑕ ᖃᖓᑦᑕᐅᑎᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᕙᒌᔭᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᓂᒃ ᐱᓂᐊᕐᓗᓂ: ᐃᑳᕆᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖅ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᖕᒥ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᒍᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓕᐅᕈᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ.
ᒎᑦᐳᕆᑦ ᕼᐋᓴᓐ
ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᓂᕈᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖑᑎᒥᓂᒃ, ᒎᑦᕗᕆᑦ ᑕᐃᓂᔅ ᓇᕙᓪᑦ-ᖑᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᑰᐸᓐᕼᐃᒐᓐᒥᑦ ᑐᒡᓕᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ. "ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᓐᓄᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖓ." ᐅᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑲᐅᔪᖅ, "ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓄᐊᐅᐃᔾᔭᓐᒥ ᓇᕈᓇᒃᑎᑕᖃᓚᐅᙱᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓇᓂ ᐱᓕᕆᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ." ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᕿᓂᖅᑎᑖᕈᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓲᖃᐃᒻᒪ ᐃᓱᒪᑐᔫᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᓂᕐᒥ ᑕᑎᒋᔭᒃᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃᓗ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᓗᓂ.
ᐋᓐᑕᓐ ᓚᓐᑦ
ᐋᓐᑕᓐ ᓄᐊᕙᐃᒥᙶᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑐᕌᒻᓱ, ᐃᓅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 1864-ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᒥ. ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᖅᓯᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᔭᐃᒥᓯ ᕌᔅ ᐃᑭᕋᓴᖓᓂ, ᓚᓐᑦ, ᐱᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᖅᓯᒪᓂᓕᒫᖓᒍᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖏᓪᓗ, ᑎᒍᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕕᓂᕐᒥ. ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᖁᔭᓕᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖓᓄᑦ. ᐊᖓᔪᒃᖠᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᓂ, ᓚᓐᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᓚᐅᙱᑦᑐᖅ, ᐱᓕᕆᓕᒪᓂᖅᐹᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔪᙱᓛᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᒪᕕᖕᒥ. ᓇᑦᑎᐅᑉ ᓯᐊᕐᕆᔭᐅᑎᑯᑖᖑᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᓕᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑦ 25 ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ. ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐅᐱᒍᓱᓚᐅᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᑲᔪᓚᐅᕐᓂᖓᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᑯᓂᐅᔪᒥᑦ, ᑖᖅᑐᒥᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᒃᑯᑦ.
ᕼᐃᐅᓪᒧ ᕼᐋᓐᔅᓴᓐ
ᕼᐋᓴᓐ ᐊᐃᑉᐸᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥ, ᕙᔅᑐᓚᓐ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᒦᙶᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᐊᕙᐃ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒧᐊᖅᓯᒪᖕᒥᔪᖅ ᓇᑦᑎᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᓂ. ᐅᐊᓐᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᒍᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᕼᐃᐅᓪᒧ ᕿᒧᒃᓯᖅᑎᐅᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ.
Hᐋᓐᓴᓐ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᑲᑎᒋᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ 1897-ᒥ, ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑲᔾᔨᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᓚᒋᑲᒧᑦ. "ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ," ᐅᖃᖅᑐᕕᓂᖅ ᕼᐋᓴᓐ, "ᑲᑎᙵᖃᑎᒋᓂᐊᓚᐅᖅᑕᕋ ᓄᒃᑕᕐᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᓪᓗ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓄᑦ 18−ᓄᑦ."
ᒐᔅᑖᕝ ᔫᓪ ᕗᐃᒃ
ᓄᒃᑕᖅᑎᓄᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨ.
ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ 1903-ᒥ, ᕌᓄᑦ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓄᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ, 47 ᑕᓐᔅ, 70 ᐃᓯᒐᑦ ᑕᑭᑎᒋᔪᖅ, 20 ᐃᓯᒐᑦ ᐳᖅᑐᑎᒋᓪᓗᓂ, 18-ᓂᒃ ᑭᕕᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ, ᐊᐅᓚᐅᑎᖃᕐᖢᓂ ᐅᖅᓱᐅᓗᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᐅᑎᕋᓛᒧᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕋᓛᒧᑦ 5 ᒪᐃᓕᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᕐᕋᒧᑦ. ᒎᑎᐅᑉ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖓᓂ ᓄᖅᑲᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑲᓛᖦᖡᑦ ᓄᓈᓐᓂ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥ ᐱᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᐴᖅᑲᐃᔭᖅᑐᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖅ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᖕᒥ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᒍᑦ. ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᒦᓕᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᕐᒥᑦ − ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᕐᒥᑦ, ᑕᐃᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ − ᖁᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᒧᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᒦᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᓇᑦᑎᓕᖕᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᑦ ᐱᖃᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ. ᐃᓕᑦᑎᔪᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᖕᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᒡᓚᓱᒃᑐᐊᓘᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒥᓂᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᕙᒃᖢᑎᒡᓗ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑕᐅᕐᓰᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᕐᓄᑦ. ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᒦᖏᓐᓇᕈᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒧᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ, ᐱᕈᖅᓯᒪᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓇᑦᑎᓕᖕᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᖕᓄᑦ ᒪᕐᕉᖕᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᑲᓃᖏᓐᓇᖅᖢᓂ. ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐃᒃᐱᒍᓱᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᒥᓚᓂᑲᓕᒥᒃ ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᒧᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᐅᕗᑏᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᓄᖁᑎᖏᓪᓗ, 13-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐋᒐᓯ, 1905-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑐᓚᒃᑕᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ, ᐱᔭᕇᕋᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᖃᖅᑐᓂ, "ᐃᓄᑦᑎᐊᕙᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖃᓐᓂᕆᔭᒃᑲ ᐱᐅᓂᕐᐹᖑᒐᔭᖅᑐᑎᒃ, ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒥᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᑦ."
ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕆᔭᖓᑦ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖅ ᐱᖓᖕᓇᖔᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᒍᑦ
ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓗᒍ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖅ ᐊᑭᓐᓇᖅᐸᓯᖕᒥ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᒍᑦ
ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᖏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕈᑦ ᕌᓄᑦ ᕼᐊᓐᕗᑦᒧᑦ, Hodder ᐊᒻᒪᓗ Stoughton-ᒧᑦ - ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑐᓚᐅᖅᑕᕋ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᖓ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐊᑐᑐᐃᓐᓇᕋᔭᙱᑕᕋ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑲᒪᓇᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᖅ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᕐᓗᒍ.
ᑕᑯᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᒪᓐᓴᓐ ᐊᔾᔨᙳᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᕿᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓗᒍ ᑲᓲᑎᔾᔪᑎ ᐊᑖᓂ:
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